What do nicotine pouches do to your body?

Experts are warning against the use of snus and nicotine pouches, highlighting their prevalence among footballers.

A study by Loughborough University found that one in five players, both male and female, currently uses snus, nicotine pouches, or both. Among the 628 male players surveyed, 18% from Premier League or EFL clubs admitted using them, while the figure was 22% among the 51 Women’s Super League players.

Commissioned by the Professional Footballers’ Association (PFA), the report suggests the true figure is likely higher, as some players may not disclose their use. The study found that many users started to fit in with teammates, with 56% of male players and 73% of female players citing this reason.

What is Snus?

Snus is a smokeless tobacco product, typically in small pouches containing tobacco. It is not legally available in the UK. More commonly used by footballers are tobacco-free nicotine pouches, often also referred to as ‘snus’, which are legal.

“Nicotine pouches contain nicotine, water, sweeteners, and flavorings. They are used similarly to snus but do not contain tobacco leaf,” explains Carolina Goncalves, superintendent pharmacist at Pharmica. The nicotine in both products is absorbed through the mucous membranes of the mouth, typically placed between the upper lip and gums.

How Addictive is Snus?

“Both snus and nicotine pouches are highly addictive due to their nicotine content,” says Goncalves. They also contain “numerous carcinogens that can increase the risk of cancers affecting the pancreas and mouth.” Studies published in journals like the International Journal of Cancer support these risks.

“Snus is potentially more addictive than nicotine patches because it delivers nicotine more quickly, offering a faster ‘hit’,” Goncalves explains.

Health Risks of Snus

“It’s often believed that using snus is safer than smoking, but this is incorrect,” says Goncalves. “While snus does not harm the lungs as much as smoking, it still poses health risks to the gums, mouth, and other organs. Snus with tobacco differs from smoking or vaping as it delivers nicotine through the gums, not through inhalation of smoke or vapor.

“Studies show that snus with tobacco can increase the risk of pancreatic cancer due to tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs). These carcinogens, associated with the curing and fermentation of tobacco, are directly linked to pancreatic cancer,” she adds.

Oral Health Concerns

Nyree Whitley, chief clinical officer at mydentist, states, “While snus may seem like an alternative to smoking or vaping, it can have detrimental effects on oral health. Holding the pouch against your gums for long periods increases the risk of gum disease and tooth loss. It’s a misconception that smokeless nicotine forms are less risky.”